For new property owners, understanding local zoning codes is crucial to avoid potential legal issues and ensure they can use their property as intended.
Zoning Basics.
Purpose:
Zoning codes regulate how land can be used. They determine what types of buildings can be built, where they can be located, and how they can be used. This helps maintain community character, manage growth, separate conflicting land uses, implement community planning goals, and ensure public safety to maximize public benefits.(https://www.columbus.gov/Business-Development/Building-Zoning-Services/Zoning) To learn more, contact your local zoning department.
Key Components:
Land Use: Zoning divides areas into residential, commercial, industrial, and other categories.
Building Regulations: These rules dictate:
Setbacks (how far a building must be from property lines).
Height restrictions.
Lot size requirements and lot coverage.
Permitted structures and parking requirements.
New Property Owners.
Know Your Zoning District:
Determine the zoning classification of your property (e.g., R for residential, C for Commercial, etc).
Zoning information is typically available on your city or county's website.
Permitted Uses:
Understand what activities are allowed on your property. For example, R-1 residential districts (under the Columbus Zoning Code, Section 3332.03) states that the following uses are permitted: One single-family dwelling; An agricultural use; A religious facility; A school; A public park, playground, and recreation facility; A public library; etc. (https://library.municode.com/oh/columbus/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT33ZOCO_CH3332REDI)
Be aware of restrictions on things like:
Adding extensions or decks.
Building accessory structures.
Operating short-term rentals.
Setback & Requirements:
Identify the setback rules before making any changes to your property.
Identify any existing variances or non-comforming conditions.
Violating setbacks can lead to costly fines and the need to remove structures.
Permitting Process:
Familiarize yourself with the permitting process, and don't underestimate the time required for local permitting. In some regions, zoning hearings can take two months or longer to schedule after application. Delays are common if your paperwork isn't in order.
To prevent costly hold-ups, take the initiative: ask questions, contact your local zoning office, and ensure you have all the necessary information well in advance.
If you do not agree with an existing condition or zoning decision, learn how to request a zoning board review and appeal.
Historic Districts, Area Commissions, and Homeowner's Associations (HOAs):
If your property is located in a Historic District, an Area Commission, or within an HOA, they may have additional rules and review boards beyond local zoning codes.
Where to Find Information:
City/County Websites: Most local governments have zoning information online.
Local Zoning Office: Contact your local zoning office for clarification or assistance.
In the context of Columbus, Ohio.
It is important to understand the different zones and what each zone allows. For example: R-1: Single-family homes on larger lots. R-2: Duplexes and slightly denser housing. R-3: Multi-family dwellings like apartments and townhouses. C-1: Neighborhood commercial district. C-2: Office commercial district. C-3: Community scale commercial development. C-4: Regional scale commercial district. You can find more information about zoning in Columbus in the Columbus Zoning Code, Title 33. (https://library.municode.com/oh/columbus/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT33ZOCO)
It is also very important to be aware of the "Zone In Columbus" initiative, as the city is currently updating its zoning code. (https://zone-in-columbus.hub.arcgis.com/pages/code-and-map)
Find out if your property is located within one of the 21 Columbus Area Commissions.
Navigating zoning regulations can seem daunting, but proactive research and communication with local authorities are key to a smooth and successful property ownership experience. By taking the time to understand and adhere to these guidelines, property owners can prevent legal issues and lengthy review processes by understanding and following local zoning codes, ensuring their property stays compliant. Remember, your local zoning office is a valuable resource, and reaching out with questions is always encouraged. Still have questions and concerns? Contact EL_A to learn more.
Cited and helpful sources:
*This document is intended solely for informational use and should not be considered professional advice. For any specific inquiries or decisions concerning the subject, please seek guidance from an architect, engineer, lawyer, or qualified expert.
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